Kumkum Bhagya Episode 1156

Kumkum Bhagya Episode 1156

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Radiotherapy, also called radiation therapy, is the treatment of cancer and other diseases with ionizing radiation.” Ionizing radiation deposits energy that destroys cells in the area being treated by damaging their genetic material, making it impossible for these cells to continue to grow. Although radiations damage both cancer cells and normal cells, but the normal cells are able to repair themselves and function properly again.

The aim of radiation therapy is to spare normal tissues (such as skin or organs which radiation must pass through in order to treat the tumor) and cause as much damage as it can to the cancerous cells. For this purpose radiation beams are shaped and are aimed from several angles of exposure to intersect at the tumor, providing a much larger absorbed dose at the target than in the surrounding healthy tissue.

It is also common to combine radiation therapy with surgery, chemotherapy, hormone therapy, immunotherapy or some mixture of the four.

Usually there are two types of radiation therapy. The first, and most common type is external beam radiotherapy, and the second one is known as internal radiotherapy, or brachytherapy. The external beam radiotherapy is carried out using x-rays, gamma rays, and particle beams, including electron  beam, or proton beams. This is always the choice of physicist to select the most appropriate beam according to the need of the treatment. Physicists must know the detail characteristics of all the beams used for such treatment, including their attenuation properties, percentage depth dose, and other Dosimetric parameters.

Usually Cobalt-60 and linear accelerators are used for external beam radiotherapy. In cobalt-60 (which is most common in various cancer hospitals in Pakistan), gamma rays are used to treat the malignant tumors. These rays give a gamma beam of average energy 1.25 MeV. However, the problem with these radiation sources is that there is a continuous decay ( and half-life of Cobalt-60 is 5.26 years). This work aims to evaluate the effect of this decay and then to determine some mechanism to calculate the radiation dose after incorporating that decay effect.

The Cobalt-60 tele-therapy units are installed in many hospitals of Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission. In this project, the commissioning data will be obtained from Bahawalpur Institute of Nuclear Medicine & Oncology (BINO), Bahawalpur, and from any other cancer hospital if needed. The data will later be analyzed with various software’s, and the some conclusion will ultimately be made.

Expected Outcome

Once the effect of decay on the treatment is known, it will be helpful to modify the dose calculations, and hence will help to increase the accuracy of treatment. The objective of radiotherapy treatment is always to deliver maximum dose to the target volume, and to spare the surrounding normal tissues as much as possible. The incorporation of these results, will aid to achieve the desired dose distribution in target tumors and to achieve the true objectives of the treatment.